#ARTHASHASTRA IN ENGLISH HOW TO#

The first English translation, also by Shamasastry, was published in 1915. Composed, expanded and redacted between the 2nd century BCE and 3rd century CE, the Arthashastra was influential until the 12th century, when it disappeared. The text is likely to be the work of several authors over centuries. Some scholars believe them to be the same person, while most have questioned this identification. The latter was a scholar at Takshashila, the teacher and guardian of Emperor Chandragupta Maurya. Kautilya, also identified as Vishnugupta and Chanakya, is traditionally credited as the author of the text. M.The Arthashastra ( Sanskrit: а¤…а¤°аҐЌа¤Ґа¤¶а¤ѕа¤ёаҐЌа¤¤аҐЌа¤°, IAST: ArthaЕ›ДЃstra) is an ancient Indian Sanskrit treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy. вЂњIf there is anything to be done to protect the document from further deterioration, it has to start immediately and done scientifically.' вЂњPalm leaves can survive more than 1,000 years with or without treatment, but air-conditioners, dehumidifiers and coating with citronella oil is needed to extend their life,' Krishnaiah said.

Krishnaiah and other scholars say the original should be saved even if there are copies. But even they recopied the documents every few decades to preserve them, just as Shamashastri did,' he explained.

#ARTHASHASTRA IN ENGLISH HOW TO#

вЂњPalm leaves have a longer life than other materials, and manuscriptologists of the past knew how to extend the lifespan. Swamy, senior faculty of history at the University of Mysore and a former official of the Karnataka archaeology department said the Arthashastra has been digitized and can be accessed by any scholar or student, but the original is extremely fragile. The size of funds allocated for ORI and especially Arthashastra is dynamic and based on the need,' he said. ORI has also been given freedom to make fresh proposals for digitalization of the Arthashastra. вЂњFunds have been earmarked for the Arthashastra. Hemantha Kumar, vice-chancellor of the University of Mysore, said they will increase funding for ORI. The institute gets about 5,000 visitors a year, including scholars and students from around the world.Дr. I led a team of experts to Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute in Pune and learnt latest techniques to maintain old documents.' I have also asked the vice-chancellor to give ORI more staff with expertise in maintaining and documenting ancient manuscripts. We have sent a proposal to the government for a grant of в‚№3.5 crore. Shivarajappa, director of ORI, said: вЂњA lot of work has to be taken up to revive the original document of the Arthashastra. They say that ORI does not get enough funding to manage manuscripts, hire more experts and maintain the building.Дr. вЂњThe Arthashastra and about 70,000 other historic documents and manuscripts could have been reduced to ashes,' he said.Дirectors have improved infrastructure-changing the wiring, shifting the book depot, painting and dust proofing-but preserving the fragile documents was not addressed properly, say research scholars who use the institute. Jagannath, a research scholar who has used ORI resources for decades, said there were two fires sparked by faulty wiring at the institute in 19. вЂњWithout air-conditioning, dehumidifiers and regular coating with citronella oil, the original palm leaves on which the Arthashastrawas inscribed will be lost to us,' lamented Krishnaiah. вЂњIt has survived from the second century, but now the palm leaves are falling to pieces,' said Krishnaiah. The Arthashastra also dethroned Niccolo MachiavelliвЂ™s The Prince, a 16th-century work, as the worldвЂ™s oldest treatise on political philosophy. Until the re-discovery of the document, the British Raj believed IndiaвЂ™s ideas on governance and military administration were drawn from the Greeks. Shamashastri transcribed the Arthashastra onto fresh palm leaves and published it in 1909. The institute has been part of the University of Mysore from 1916, and is home to about 70,000 rare palm-leaf manuscripts. Rudrapatna Shamashastri, a Sanskrit scholar and librarian, discovered the original Arthashastra in 1905 among the mounds of palm leaf documents lying in the institute, which was founded by MysoreвЂ™s Wodeyar kings in 1891. After the decline of the Mauryan Empire, the document was lost. Its author, Kautilya-also known as Chanakya- was prime minister to Chandragupta, the first of the Mauryan rulers. Scholars say it was composed around the second century BCE.

Arthashastra in english